毕业论文;浅析《动物庄园》的讽刺艺术

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毕业论文;浅析《动物庄园》的

讽刺艺术

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双学位毕业论文

中文题目： 浅析《动物庄园》的讽刺艺术

外文题目: The Brief Analysis of Irony Art of Animal Farm 院 系 英语学院

专 业 英语（语言文学） 年 级 2011级秋季班 学生姓名 指导教师

四川外国语大学教务处制 浅析《动物庄园》的讽刺艺术

摘要：《动物农庄》是英国作家乔治·奥威尔所著的一部政治寓言体小说，故事描述了一场“动物主义”革命的酝酿、兴起和最终蜕变。小说主要映射了19世纪前中期的世界格局以及资本主义和共产主义的发展和复杂斗争。本文主要从小说中涉及的故事情节和讽刺艺术的手法出发，并结合讽刺艺术在英国的历史去分析作者在《动物农庄》中讽刺艺术的体现与运用。这种讽刺分析主要剖析小说中出现的典型人物形象，如“拿破仑”、“雪球”、“拳击手”等等以及其“动物主义”革命最终“失败”的悲惨结局上。通过本文的写作，笔者表达了对乔治·奥威尔讽刺手法的赞赏，并且希望通过本次对《动物农庄》中讽刺成分的探讨，提高自己对政治寓言体小说的理解以及提高对《动物农庄》背后所暗指的苏联阶级斗争、共产主义革命的认识。

关键词：乔治·奥威尔；讽刺艺术；小说；动物庄园 The Brief Analysis of Irony Art of Animal Farm Abstract

Animal Farm is a political fable style novel written by British writer George Orwell. The story describes the brewing, rising up and final transformation of an animal revolution. The novel mainly maps

the world pattern and the development and complicated struggle between capitalism and communism in the middle of the 19th century. This article mainly analyzes the embodiment and application of irony art of the author in the Animal Farm from the view of plot of novel and the irony art technique and combining the irony art history in British. The irony analysis mainly analyzes the typical characters in the novel, such as \"Napoleonragic \"failure\" end of \"animal\" revolution. By writing this article, writer of this paper expresses the appreciation to George Orwell's irony, and hopes that can improve the understanding of political fable style novel and increase the cognitive of the class struggle of the Soviet Union and the communist revolution that Animal Farm referring to through the discussion of irony composition in Animal Farm.

Key words: George Orwell, Irony art; Novel; Animal Farm Acknowledgements

In the research of this selected topic, I get Hongjun Wu teacher's guidance in the process of study. Mrs Wu cares about my research, helps me to develop research ideas, and gives me inspiration and warm encouragement. During thesis writing, Mrs Wu guides me carefully in every process, helps me sort out ideas, and reads my articles carefully each time and puts forward detailed suggestions for modification. Mrs Wu’s rigorous attitude of doing scholarly research and serious attitude to life not only bring me great help during thesis writing, also need to appreciate my life and study. Here, I want to firstly thank to my teacher Hongjun Wu.

Thanks to college English teachers, in four years on the academic teaching and daily life give me much care. The four years’ education will make me benefit for life.

And schoolmates, classmates for four years, thank you for the best youth with you accompany, you give me help and care. I will always remember that.

Contents 中文摘

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Abstract……………………………………………………………………………… = 2 \\* roman ii

Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………… … iii TOC \\o \"1-3\" \\h \\z \,"p":{"h":18,"w":180.045,"x":243.03,"y":490.952,"z":13},"ps":{"_enter":1},"t":"word

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HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc388217197\" The Brief Analysis of Irony Art of Animal Farm

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HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc388217198\" Introduction _Toc388217198 \\h 1

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HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc388217203\" A.

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Image browsing of the novelThe core of irony PAGEREF The origin of irony art

HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc388217204\" B. The analysis of the irony

technique in the novel PAGEREF _Toc388217204 \\h 6

HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc388217205\" III. The realistic significance of the irony art PAGEREF _Toc388217205 \\h 8

HYPERLINK \\l \"_Toc388217206\" Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc388217206 \\h 9

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The Brief Analysis of Irony Art of Animal Farm Introduction

・ George Orwell, a great British writer, he often investigates and examines social problems with rich perspective and sharp vision as social activist. The observations of these phenomena always achieve the point of details and particulars. Animal Farm is written in 1945. It is a political fable style novel. The whole story was believed that it has a striking similarity with the Soviet Union and even the entire communist movement in the 20th century by later commentators.1 A lot of things written by the author in the book that time were verified in the later by history. The concept of totalitarianism didn't appear at that time, but Orwell had warned people about the consequences of the totalitarian might bring.

Animal Farm tells the story that animals can’t stand the oppression of farm owner, then they struggle and revolt under the guidance of two pigs. Through fierce fight and struggle, they finally get rid of the planter, and establish a management of their own homes.

PAGEREF

In the farm, they pursue the principle of \"all animals are equal\and put forward some slogans that criticize the evil behaviors. But the good time don’t last long , pigs in the farm gradually become high above the leadership and encroach on other animals’ fruits of their labor, and enjoy the other animals can't enjoy substance, and take this for granted, thus become the new privileged class. At the same time, another struggle is unfolding that the two leading boar -- \"Napoleon\" and \"Snowball\" have different opinions in the management. Napoleon slander Snowball was a traitor, quisling in order to keep leadership and scramble for power. In order to maintain its own rule, Napoleon conducts bloody purges to \"Snowball\" and its support animals and cleans up them out of the farm. As a result, \"Napoleon\" begins to make a cult of personality, many other animals under the oppressive rule of \"Napoleon\" are flattery. At last \"Napoleon\" alliances with people, and establish a dictatorship. The principle of farm is also changed from \"all animals are equal\" to \"some animals are more equal than other animals2. The sad condition of the animals returns to before. The novel caricatures the totalitarian by describing animal life fable, reflects the social reality at that time already some on the international. But the meaning of Animal Farm is far more than that, Animal Farm has extremely strong ironic artistic features classic. The ironic language is hit the nail on the head, incisively and vividly. The irony methods of this book are worth our study.

In Animal Farm, Orwell integrates various writing technique that he is good at, and shows a cold satirical allegory for readers. With the aid of this fable type technique, satirizes the common problems of the human society in all ages. He directly analyzes totalitarian rule with great vision and foresight, describes that the totalitarian may cause enormous destruction. This paper tries to analyze of the irony in Animal Farm, and reveal the implication behind this parable.

= 1 \\* ROMAN I . The introduction of irony art

Irony art as a special art form, mainly comprises literature and drama, it is different from other kinds of art forms. It is different from literary criticism class. It not only exposures the habit of human or personal, folly, faults and shortcomings in direct. Irony art is generally not directly to criticize someone or something, but uses a hint, ridicule, metaphor or personification technique to expose and condemn. It can cause more reader's attention and thinking.3

The origin of irony art

Britain's irony art has a long history and brilliant artistic achievements, since is known as the father of the literature, Chaucer, there has already been the irony art. In subsequent history, Shakespeare's comedy script, Pope’s satirical poetry, Swift's “Gulliver's Travels” are all classical representative of the British irony, followed by the novels of Dickens, George Bernard Shaw's drama and so on. The British seemed to have always been good at using humor and irony. Shakespeare was called irony \"humor and wit is the flash of wisdom\". In numerous ironies, the writers through a variety of irony art, makes all sorts of lifelike characters. They have different characters, live in different life environment, but in somewhere they have the same sad and inherent defects. The British traditional means of irony are very rich. The most frequently used methods are as follow: such as metaphor, personification, symbol, exaggeration, and so on. Authors by skillfully using these techniques, reveal the targets that they want to satirize and make those heart covered under the surface were exposed.

The core of irony

Lu Xun gave a general description of the connotation of irony art in the What is Irony (1935): \"I think: an author, uses the refining, or just some exaggeration ink -- but must also be natural art --writes a group of people or a true, this work is called irony.\"4 Lu Xun thought that the life of irony lies in its \"authenticity\". Perhaps the facts described by writer have not appeared now, but it will happen in the future. From this we know that the irony should not be a false and also shouldn't be figment, and should not be the eye-catching blame the status quo and the so-called anecdote supposition. Irony is supposed to be a sign of real way, and should not be selfish and ridicule. Both ancient and modern Chinese and foreign, from The Scholars and Strange Stories to the High Old Man, Nose, Animal Farm and other literary classics, written by them may be illusory, never happened, but their performance of social reality and human nature.

= 2 \\* ROMAN II . Irony art analysis of Animal Farm Image browsing of the novel

In his Animal Farm, Orwell uses a lot of irony art techniques. That enhances the literariness of the work, and more deepens the theme of his work, highlights the irony of the works. This chapter through the analysis of different complex characters of this paper interprets that how he uses irony technique to realize the object of irony in his novel and how Orwell vividly shapes character image in order to tell the general moral critique of reality.

Two pigs: in this paper the various kinds of animals, they play major roles in every event of this novel. They are the major leaders of the Animal Farm. At first the two pigs encourage all animals in heart, so that eventually they two led animals to revolt successfully, and occupy the farm, built their own homes. However, this two pigs’

characters and fate are totally different. \"Napoleon\" is not only the leader with political views, is also more familiar with the operation of the power and rule. Eventually he breaks his original ideal, become the authoritarian leaders of Animal Farm. However the \"Snowball\" is an idealist, at first he has the lofty ideals, and gives his all to the so-called \"animal\different opinions with \"Napoleon\\"Napoleon\". When describes the two pigs Orwell uses much Symbol technique of irony.

Shrill Voice: this is a very interesting image in the novel. He can be seen in the forefront of all sorts of speech. He successfully disguises himself through the rhetoric in common animals, and states about the various public affairs, and speaks good words for each speech of the leadership. But in fact, he is the propaganda machine of \"Napoleon\". Orwell puts comparison irony technique into describing the Shrill Voice incisively and vividly.

Boxer: boxer plays a role of grass-roots in Animal Farm. Whether it is in the leading time of farmer owner Jones, or in the leading time of later \"Napoleon\been in the status being exploited. Perhaps they never stand up. They are courage, honesty and work hard, but this doesn’t change the reality that they are exploited, and finally can’t come out of the tragedy that they are completely betrayed. They symbolize the hare-working but cowardly laborers.

The analysis of the irony technique in the novel

In the novel, it uses many kinds of irony techniques. These methods have the characteristics of each and appear in the novel and describe the characters of each figure. Through a lot of description techniques, the novel shows different personalities of each figure

vividly, and their personalities are very different. I think this novel mainly uses those irony techniques such as: contrast, symbol, exaggeration, etc.

For this part, I will focus on the symbolism of the Animal Farm. As an allegorical novel, the symbolism is the author want to convey to the reader, in the novel each animal has the different strong symbolic significance. First, the image of \"Napoleon\" symbolizes the dictator. In animal revolution, “Napoleon” has shown its strong character, its arrogance, rarely speak but is very sinister. It is good at deceiving subordinate with rhetoric, for example, the pigs in the house eating apple and milk, but they are shouting:

comrades!... in fact, most of us don't like milk and apples.... we eat these things only purpose is to keep our health.... our pigs are knowledge workers, all the management and organization depends on our farm, we pay close attention to your happiness day and night, it is to you, we drink milk, eat an apple.5

And for those who do not support their animals such as

“Snowball”, they carry out suppression and revenge and eventually clean them cruelly. The pig leaders represented by “Napoleon” shout loudly equality every day, but pleasure-seeking privately. They cultivate their underlings through various means. And they use rich to lure others to serve for their own authoritarian rule. These are all directly point to the Soviet authoritarian rule, symbolism. It discloses the international social reality baldly through a pig's words and deeds. The behaviors of “Napoleon” in animal farm suggest the behaviors of some authoritarian rulers under the authoritarian rule, and the irony is strongly.6

For this part, I will focus on the comparison technique in the Animal Farm. In this paper it adopts a large number of contrast

methods, whether they are the contrast before the revolution and after the revolution or the comparison of different characters all reflect the real meaning of animal revolution and the real purpose of authoritarian leaders under the hide in the appearance. For example from the beginning of the basic idea of \"all animals are equal\" to the later \"all animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others\\"7 principles\changes directly highlight the contradictory of the leaders from the front to the end, and the contradiction of the leadership’s theory is essentially to tries to conceal the leadership centralization unruliness7. According to these changes of ideological of the authoritarian leaders, we can see the changes of authoritarian leaders’ thought. The contrasts reflect the process that a leader from one against authoritarian and exploitation revolutionary gradually becomes a sinister autocratic ruler full of power. By the comparison between “Napoleon” and “Snowball”, “Shrill Voice” and “Boxers”, “Napoleon” and the original farmer owner Jones, the novel discloses the psychological activities in different periods and complex relationships between them, in such a large group that each figure has different character. Finally these animals have their different destination because of their respective characteristics. Some are on high position, some are enslaved oppression and some are dead. And all this are responses and ironies to the social reality at that time.

= 3 \\* ROMAN III . The realistic significance of the irony art The real purpose of irony art should be criticism. Irony art as literature carrier with long history has its unique artistic charm.8The author's description to the Animal Farm is a miniature of

real world. There are all kinds of characters of the reality in the novel. The author's irony is pessimistic. In his works, the oppressed people have no hope to get the kind of life they dream to get and had been promised. And this also agreed with some of the social reality at that time. Through satirist in reality may not be noticed by people or deep understanding of social reality by people directly in front of people. Through the irony can put something not directly show display, can be understood from the seemingly plain truth of deep. Irony can better highlight the purpose of writing.9

Throughout history, we never really perfect society, human beings constantly attempt and explore the different road, and we will make all sorts of mistakes. Irony art can better reveal our mistakes, and let us see more clearly the road ahead. Irony literature may be in a specific period of time to touch the sore spots of many persons, and may be hated and abandoned by a lot of people. But it is important for the human beings. Irony art reminds us the mistakes of our past like a needle. It makes us have broader wisdom and deeper thinking, and make us braver to go on.

Conclusion

The author conducts a comprehensive description to a small society of the animal through the Animal Farm. It enables us to see the ugliness of authoritarian rule, further make us see a lot of the weakness of human nature. The author depicts those animals, in fact, it is through the description of animals to represent the person's thoughts. There are nicety and evil of human nature, and the vision of the ideal and rights, also the simple dedication and greedy desire. These are our own inner profound analysis. Through the novel, we can see more clearly ourselves. We can only know shortcomings to correct

shortcomings. Through irony, we can attack ugly, and can praise nicety by irony.

This article mainly discusses the irony art applied in Animal Farm, and analyzes the main role in it, and analyzes those irony art used by the author when he describes various related roles in his novel. This paper tries to through the analysis of Animal Farm irony art, reveals the idea behind this paper. And hopes it can bring some self-examinations modern people. From another aspect, the reason why the novel Animal Farm succeeds is that the novel is not only equipped with wonderful technique of expression and innovative theme just because its expression novel subject, more is a main reason this novel reflects, the most important aspect is that the novel reflects the real phenomenon and problems of an era. So only combined with real life or the social environment, a literature will be the excellent art.

Notes

1 Bloom, Harold. George Orwell. (New York: Infobase Publishing, 1987,), 126.

2 Click, Bernard. George Orwell: life. (New York: Penguin Books, 1992), 133.

3 http://zhidao. baidu.com/link?url=lBn0n_ZABatAv9ZdL 4 申丹, 第34页。

5 George Orwell. Animal Farm. (New York: ALFRED A. KNOPF, INC, 1993,) , 243.

6 Hitchens, Cristopher. Why Orwell Mattes. (New York: Basic Books, 2003,), 136.

7 Hollis, Cristopher. A Study of George Orwell.( Michigan: Hopis and Carter, 1956,), 96.

8 Foucault, Michel. The Discourse on Language.( New York: Harper Colopphon, 1972,), 154.

9 杨劫，李芳， 第10页。 Bibliography

Bloom, Harold. George Orwell. New York: Infobase Publishing, 1987. Calder, Jenni. Operation Guide to Literature: Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty- four. England: Open University Press, 1987.

Click, Bernard. George Orwell: life. New York: Penguin Books, 1992.

Davison, Peter. George Orwell: a literary life. New York: PALGRAVE, 1996.

Foucault, Michel. The Discourse on Language. New York: Harper Colopphon, 1972.

George Orwell. Animal Farm. New York: ALFRED A. KNOPF, INC, 1993. Hitchens, Cristopher. Why Orwell Mattes. New York: Basic Books, 2003.

Hollis, Cristopher. A Study of George Orwell. Michigan: Hopis and Carter, 1956.

杨劫，李芳.论D. H. 劳伦斯小说中的象征体验, 域外视野，2005, 10. 申丹. 叙述学与小说文体学研究, 北京:北京大学出版社，2001, 34.