一、动词+介词
1．look at…看…， look like … 看上去像……， look after …照料… 2．listen to…听…… 3．welcome to…欢迎到…… 4．say hello to …向……问好 5．speak to…对……说话 二、动词+副词
1．put on 穿上 2．take off脱下 3．write down记下 4．come on赶快 5．get up起床 6．go home回家 7．come in进来 8．sit down坐下9．stand up起立 三、其它类动词词组
1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper
7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games [介词短语聚焦]
1．in+语言/颜色/衣帽等，表示使用某种语言或穿着……。 2．in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等，表示“在……排/队/班级/年级” 3．in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 在上午/下午/傍晚。 4．in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。 5．in the tree表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”；on the tree表示“在树上(为树
本身所有)”。
6．in the wall表示“在墙上（凹陷进去）”；on the wall表示“在墙上（指墙的表面）”。
7．at work（在工作）/at school（上学）/at home（在家）应注意此类短语中无the。
8．at + 时刻表示钟点。
9．like this/ that表示方式，意为“像……这/那样”。 10．of短语表示所属关系。
11．behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等，表示方位、处所。 12．from与to多表示方向，前者意为“从……”，后者意为“到……”。 另外，以下这些短语也必须掌握。如：on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one’s bike等。 [重点句型大回放]
1．I think…意为“我认为……”，是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I don’t think…，
2．give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为“把……给……”，动词give之后可接双宾语，可用这两种句型；若指物的宾语是人称代词时，则只能用give it/ them to sb.
3．take sb./ sth. to…意为“把……(送)带到……”，后常接地点，也可接人。 4．One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意为“一个是……；另一个是……”，必须是两者中。
5．Let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”，否定式Don’t let sb，do sth.，或Let
sb. not do sth.
6．help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，前者用不定式作宾补，后者用介词短语作宾补，二者可以互换. 7．What about…？/How about…？意为“……怎么样？” 8．It’s time to do…/ It’s time for sth. 意为“该做……的时间了”，
9．like to do sth./ like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”， 前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作；后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作，
10．ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为“让某人(不要)做某事”，其中ask sb.后应接动词不定式，
11．show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为“把某物给某人看”
12．introduce sb. to sb. 意为“把某人介绍给另一人”；introduce to sb.则是“向某人作介绍”。 [重点短语快速复习] 1. kinds of 各种各样的
2. either…or…或者……或者……，
不是……就是……
3. neither…nor…既不……也不…… 5. take a seat 就坐 6. home cooking 家常做法 7. be famous for 因……而著名 8. on ones way to在……途中 9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院
10. at the end of在……的尽头，在……的末尾 11. wait for 等待 12. in time 及时
13. make one’s way to…往……（艰难地）走去
14. just then 正在那时 15. first of all 首先，第一 16. go wrong 走错路
17. be/get lost 迷路
18. make a noise 吵闹，喧哗 19. get on 上车 20. get off 下车 21. stand in line 站队
22. waiting room 候诊室候车室 23. at the head of…在……的前头 24. laugh at 嘲笑
25. throw about 乱丢，抛散 26. in fact 实际上 27. at midnight 在半夜
28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快
29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架 30. take one’s temperature 给某人体温
31. have ,get a pain in某处疼痛 32. have a headache 头痛 33. as soon as… 一……就…… 34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事 35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事
36. fall asleep 入睡
37. again and again再三,反复地 38. wake up 醒来，叫醒 39. instead of 代替 40. look over 检查 41. take exercise运动
42. had better(not) do sth. 最好（不要）干某事
43. at the weekend 在周末 44. on time 按时 45. out of从……向外 46. all by oneself 独立，单独 47. lots of=a lot of 许多 48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再 49. get back 回来，取回 50. sooner or later迟早 51. run away 逃跑 52. eat up 吃光，吃完 53. run after 追赶
54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物
55. take(good) care of…=look after…(well) （好好）照顾，照料 56. think of 考虑到，想起 57. keep a diary 坚持写日记 58. leave one by oneself 把某人单
独留下
59. harder and harder 越来越厉害 60. turn on打开（电灯、收音机、煤气等） 61. turn off 关
英语期中考试 一Choose the best answer.
( )1.l_ss_n A. e, a B. a, o C. e, o ( )2.f_ _ty-six A. ou B. or
C. al
D .i, o
D. our
( )3.bla_ _ b_ard A. uk, u B. ck, l C. ok, o D. ck, o ( )4.manag_ _ A. ou B. or
C. er
D. te D. dn
( )5.gran_ _other A. mu B. mo C. dm
( )6.p_tat_ A. a, o B. o, o C. a, a ( )7.p_ _ty A. or B. ur ( )8.f_ _dge A. o, i B. i, o ( )10.h_ _se A. or B. ue
D. o, a D. re D. e, a D. ee
C. ar C. a, e C. uo
二Fill in each blank with the correct form of the given words. 1. Beijing and Shanghai are big _________ (city). 2. Look at the boy over there.______ (he) name is Li Liang. 3. Do you like __________ (swim)? ---No, I don’t. 4. Are you from England?---No, I’m ___________.(America) 5. ______ (this) are my parents and they are factory workers.
6. Where’s the gym? ---It’s in a b________ in front of the offices. 7. In f_______ of the fruit there’s some meat.
8. Jackie Chan is my f___________ film star(电影明星).
9. How many people are there in your f___________There are three. 10. T______ you for your help(帮助).
三Choose the best answer.
( ) 1. Fish and rice __ my favourite food.
A. are B. is C. be D. like
( ) 2. There are some ___in front of the house.
A. box B. boxs C. sheeps D. sheep
( ) 3. Have they got any dictionaries? ---Yes,__.
A.I have B. we have C. they have
( ) 4. Has Tom got ___brother? ---No, he hasn’t any.
A. some B. any C. a D. many
( ) 5. We____ any onions. We will buy some(将要买一些). A. have got B. haven’t got C. hasn’t got D. has got ( ) 6.We all like ___ food.
A. China B. China’s C. Chinese D. Chinese’s
( ) 7. There ___some books on the desks.
A. have B. has got C. there’s D. are
( ) 8. Please welcome the new student __our class.
A. too B. of C. at D. to
( ) 9. What are your ___jobs?
A. parent’s B. parents’s C. parents’ D. father’s
( ) 10. That is a photo ___ Mr. Zhang.
A. to B. off C. with D. of
( ) 11. There ____ computers in the classroom.
A. isn’t a B. isn’t any C. are any D. aren’t any
( ) 12. Are they your coats? ---No,___.
A. there aren’t B. they are C. they aren’t D. there isn’t ( ) 13.The dining hall is ___the science lab.
A. next B. in front C. in the front of D. behind
( ) 14. Is _____ family big ___small? ---It’s big.
A. Betty, and B. Betty’s, or C. Bettys, and D. Betty’s, and
( ) 15. Tony has ___got four grandparents, two uncles and one aunt.
A. too B. either C. also D./ ( ) 16. I’m in Chunliang ___my daughter.
A. and B. with C. to D. of
( ) 17. I think meat, vegetables and fruit are ___ food.
A. healthy B. unhealthy C. health D. unhealthy ( ) 18. Coke is__ unhealthy drink ____I like it best.
A. a, but B. an, and C. an, but D. a, and ( ) 19. Tony is _______and he is eleven ____.
A. English, year old B. American, old C. English, years old D. America, years old ( ) 20.____ are you from? ---We’re from Japan.
A. What B. Where C. How old D. How
四Choose the best answer.
( ) 1. What’s her name? A. She’s twenty-one. ( ) 2. How many uncles have you got? B. No, they aren’t. ( ) 3. Is there a bird in the tree? C. Her name is Linda. ( ) 4. Can your brother play the piano? D. I like playing football. ( ) 5. Is your mother a doctor at the hospital? E. Yes, he can. ( ) 6. Have you got any factories? F. I’ve got three. ( ) 7. How old is the girl? G.. No, there aren’t any. ( ) 8. What’s your favourite sport? H. Yes, she is. ( ) 9. Are they healthy drinks? I. No, I haven’t. ( ) 10. Is your family big or small? J. It’s small.
五、句型转换,每个空一个词.
1. Her coat is red.(用blue改为选择疑问句) _______her coat red ______blue?
2. There are some factories in the city.(一般疑问句) _______ _______ ________factories in the city?
3. They have got some tomatoes and onions.(否定句) They______ got _______tomatoes ______ onions. 4. There are eight apples on the table. How ______ ________ are there on the table? 5. Coke isn’t a healthy drink.(同义句) Coke is _____ _________ drink. 六Complete the following dialogue. A Li Lei: Welcome you to our home, Peter.
Peter: Thank you very much. Oh, there __1____ many things(东西) on the table.
Li Lei: Please eat some fish. By the way(顺便问一下),___2___your favourtie food?
Peter: My favoutie food is rice.
Li Lei: What’s your favourite ___3_____?
Peter: I ___4___ drinking Coke best but it isn’t a healthy drink.
Li Lei: Don’t drink much Coke because(因为)it’s bad for your _____5____. Peter: I think so.
B
Han Mei: Hello, Zhu Ming. Where are you from? Zhu Ming: Hello, Han Mei. I’m ____6____ Shanghai. Han Mei: Oh, Shanghai is a ___7____city.
Zhu Ming: Yes, it is.
Han Mei: What does your father do? Zhu Ming:___8____ a doctor. Han Mei:___9____ about your mother? Zhu Ming: She is an English teacher. Han Mei: You have got a happy family. Zhu Ming: That’s right.
1._______ 2._______ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6._______ 7._______… 8._________ 9._________ 七.完型填空和阅读理解。A
This is a photo __1__ Li Lei’s family. In his family there are four
__2___---his parents, his sister Li Jing and him.__3___father is a factory worker. His mother is a factory worker,__4__.His sister __5___he are
students.___6___are both in Yucai Middle School. Li Lei is ___7___Class Four, Grade Two. His sister isn’t in the same grade.___8___they’re in the same class. Li Lei likes__9___books.He can ride a horse and play football. Li Jing can play__10___.She likes watching TV best. This is a happy family. ( ) 1.A. of B. at C. in ( ) 2.A. peoples B. people ( ) 3. A. He’s ( ) 4. A. also ( ) 5. A. with
B. She
D. on
C. people’s D. peoples
D. His D. too
D. or
C. He
B. either C./ B. and
C. but
( ) 6. A. He ( ) 7.A.at ( ) 8. A. And ( ) 9. A. riding
B. She C. They B. in
C. of C. But
D. There D. off D. Are D. ride
B. Or
B. reading C. read
( ) 10. A. the basketball B. the piano C. type B
Look at the picture. This is our school. There are five buildings in our school. There are thirty-two classroom in the Teaching Building. Our gym is behind the Teaching Building. The teacher’s offices are in the Office Building. Our library Building is next to the Office Building. There are many books and magazines(杂志) in the library. Is the Library Building next to the Science Lab Building? ---No, it’s in front of it. There are seven labs in it. Behind the Science Lab is the dining hall. In the dining hall there are many tables and chairs. We have meals there. Welcome to our school.
( ) 1. Our school has got ___buildings.
A.2 B.3 C.5 D.8
( ) 2. The Teaching Building is ____the gym.
A. behind B. in the front of C. in front of D. next to ( ) 3. The Library Building is _____the Office Building.
A. next to B. behind C. on D. in front of ( ) 4. The Library Building is in front of____.
A. the Teaching Building B. the gym
C. the Science Lab D. the Office Building ( ) 5. The students have meals in____.
A. the dining hall B. the library C. the science lab D. the offices
参考答案
一、1--5 C B D C C 6--10 B C B A A
二、1. cities 2. His 3. swimming 4. American 5. These 6. building 7. front 8. favourite 9. family 10. Thank
三、1--5 A D C C B 6--10 C D D C D 11--15 D C D B D 16--20 B A C C B
四、C F G E H I A D B J
五、1. Is or 2. Are there any 3. haven't any or 4. many apples 5. an unhealthy
六、1. are 2. What's 3. drink 4. like 5. health 6. from 7. big 8. He's 9. What
七、A) A B D D B C B C B B B) C C A C A
【综合能力训练】 Ⅰ. 单项选择。
( )1. He came to China 1998. A. from B. since C. at D. in ( )2. — did you buy the new bag？ —Last Monday.
A. Where B. How C. When D. Who ( )3. Mr. Yang is too to go on walking. A. strong B. tall C. kind D. tired ( )4. trees are cut down every year.
A. Thousand B. Thousands of C. Thousands D. Thousand of ( )5. He s lived here 1980.
A. after B. in C. from D. since ( )6. —Can you understand me ? —Sorry, I can understand you.
A. hardly B. almost C. nearly D. ever
( )7. — does it take me to go from my school to your school ? —About five minutes.
A. How many B. How far C. How much D. How long ( )8. —Hello. May I speak to Jim, please ? — , please ?
A. Who are you B. How is he C. Who is that D. What are you ( )9. She asked me if I knew whose pen . A. is it B. it was C. it is D. was it ( )10. It s cold outside. You d better your coat. A. put on B. put away C. put back D. put up ( )11. —I have finished my homework.
—When you it ? A. have; finished B. do; finish C. did; finish D. will; finish ( )12. —Can I your bike ? —With pleasure. But you mustn t it to others. A. lend;borrow B. borrow;lend C. carry;lend D. borrow;keep ( )13. of them has an English dictionary. A. Every B. Each C. Both D. All
( )14. It me about ten minutes to go to school by bike every day. A. pays B. spends C. costs D. takes ( )l5. Don t tell anybody about it. Keep it you and me. A. among B. between C. in D. with ( )16. I’d like to the word in French. A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk
( )17. A strong wind will arrive in Harbin. It will much rain. A. bring B. take C. carry D. get ( )18. It s a beautiful stamp.
A. quite B. too C. very D. so
( )19. He doesn t know English because he has studied it for only __________ weeks.
A. much; a few B. little; few C. few; little D. a few; a little ( )20. It s about walk from my home.
A. ten minute B. ten minutes C. ten minute s D. ten-minutes ( )21. —Is this your sock ? —Yes, it is. But where is ? A. the others B. the other one C. others D. other one ( )22. The radio is too noisy. Would you please a little？
A. turn it off B. turn it down C. stop it from D. pick it up ( )23. The woman had to do the farm work herself, ？ A. did she B. didn’t she C. had she D. wasn’t she ( )24. He has for about twelve years. A. bought the house B. left here C. lived here D. gone there ( )25. I’d like some water, but he wants . A. two bottle orange B. two bottles of orange C. two bottle oranges D. two bottles of oranges ( )26. Mike is learning a computer. A. how can he use B. how to use C. how he use D. how to using
( )27. You are just for the game. Please come and join us. A. in time B. on time C. at times D. at the time ( )28. Who will teach English next term？ A. ourselves B. us C. our D. ours
( )29. Everything is lighter on the moon than on the earth. A. so B. more C. much D. very ( )30. — do you go to see your parents？ —Once a week.
A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. When
参考答案 【综合能力训练】
Ⅰ. 1—5 DCDBD 6—10 ADCBA 11—15 CBBDB 16—20 AAAAB 21—25 BBBCB 26—30 BABCA
Module 1 collect 收集 collection 收集 tidy 收拾,整理 干净的 tidy up 收拾 doll 娃娃
fan 扇子；狂热爱好者 stamp 邮票
untidy 不整洁的，零乱的 least 最少的；最小的 take up 占用
all the time 一直，总是
(be)interview 对......感兴趣 interview 采访，会见 wow 噢 as 作为；如同
mountain biking山地自行车运动 volleyball 排球 sailing 驾驶帆船 creative 有创造力的 lazy 懒惰的 useful 有用的
develop 发展，发达，进步 skill 技能，技巧 camp 营地，野营；帐篷 露营，野营 as well as 并且，还
activity 活动；行动 such as 比如 work shop 讨论会
professional 职业的，专业的imagine 想象，设想 senior 高中
teenag 十几岁（13へ19岁）的teenager 十几岁的青少年 come out 出版 result 结果，效果 as a result 结果 enjoyment 快乐，享受 success 成功，胜利 should 应该；将要 Module 2
friendship 友谊，友好
hold （held，held）拿，举，持，拥有 hold the line （不挂断电话）等一下 right now 现在 if 是否；如果 whether 是否 whether...or not 是否 personal 个人的，私人的 classmate 同班同学 in fact 事实上 public 公共的，公众的 relation 几个；两个 a couple 亲戚 close 亲近的；近的 关
foreigner 外国人 feel like 觉得 by the way 随便说 gift 礼物，赠品 junior 初中 far away 遥远的 lonely 孤单的 afraid 害怕的
(be)afraid to do 害怕做...... make friends (with)和......交朋友 anyone 任何人 laugh 大笑 笑，笑声
worry 担心，焦虑，苦恼 worry about 担心
usual 通常的，平常的 at that moment 在那时 pass 通过，经过；传递 touch 触摸，碰 bright 明亮的 day by day 一天天地 matter 有关系，要紧 事件，问题 believe 认为；相信 at first 开始 Module 3 look out (for) 小心 win v.(won,won)赢,获胜 newsreader n.新闻播报员 report v.报道/n.报道
reporter n.新闻记者 score n.成绩;分数/v.得分 everybody pron.每个人 mention v.提及
Don't mention it.不客气。 prepare v.准备 goal n.(进球)得分 hate/heit/v.&n.憎恨 ssh int.嘘 look down 向下看
explain/ik'splein/v.解释,说明 voice n.声音
seem/si:m/v.看起来,似乎 ask for 要…… listener n.收听者,听众
close down停止播音;关闭 weekly/'wi:kli/adj.每周的 n.周刊
article/'a:tikl/n.(报纸上的)文章 microphone n.麦克风 glass/gla:s/n.玻璃;玻璃杯 sound/saund/n.声音/v.听起来 check n.&v.检查 MODULE4 1、press v.按
2、button n.按钮，纽扣 3、instruction n. 介绍 4、video n.录像 5、video camera 录像机 6、copy v.复制 n.备份，一本
7、memory n.内存，记忆 8、turn on 打开 9、Irish 爱尔兰的 10、lend 借出 11、second 第二；秒 12、playback n.录音重放 13、come on 赶快 14、lady 女士 15、gentleman 先生 16、bite (bit,bitten) 咬
17、save one's life 挽救某人生命 18、dish 盘子，（一道）菜 19、appear v.出现 20、hide v.(hid,hidden)隐藏 21、cool adj.凉爽的，冷静的
22、chest n.胸膛
23、hurt v.(hurt,hurt)刺痛，伤害 24、wrong adj.失常的，错误的 25、medicine 药物 26、suggest v.建议，提出 27、turn off 关上 28、text n.课文，文本 v.输入文字信息
29、mobycard 手机电子贺卡 MODULE5 1、changce n.机会 2、able adj.能够 3、be able to 能，会
4、beat (beat,beaten) 打，打败 5、shame n.惋惜，遗憾的事 ;羞耻
6、pity n.憾事 7、refuse v.拒绝 ，谢绝 8、warn v.警告 ，注意 9、all together 一起 10、solo n.独奏
11、at the end of 在…结束时 12、rather adv.宁愿 ，宁可 13、final adj.最后的，最终的 14、practice n.练习 15、punish v.惩罚，处罚 16、such adj.如此，这样 17、exam n.考试 ，测验 18、truth n.事实；真理 19、prove v.证明，证实 20、honest adj.诚实的 ，正直的
21、onto prep.到……之上 22、take off 卸掉，拿走，拔 23、terrible adj.极坏的 ，可怕的 24、at least 至少 25、pocket money 零用钱 26、after all 不管怎么样，毕竟 27、help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 28、realise v.了解 ，认识到，明白 29、virus n.病毒 30、mend v.修理 ，改良 31、hurry up 赶快 32、dishonest 不诚实的 33、shelf n. 架子 ，搁板 34、steal (stole,stolen) 偷 Revision module A
1、key n.钥匙
2、energetic adj.精力充沛的
3、unpaid adj.不收报酬的，未付款的 4、air n.（无线电、电视的）广播 5、paid adj.付钱的 module 6 among 在......之中 awake 醒着的
sleepy 困乏的，欲睡的 too 太，过于；也 worried 烦恼的，焦虑的
fight（fought，fought）与......打仗；打架；打击打，打架 pirate 海盗 sail 航行
ship 船 tonight 今晚
act 表演；扮演；行动 character 角色；性格 believable 可信的 lost 丢失的；迷路的 face 脸
face to face 面对面的 action 动作；行动 fighting 战斗，打斗
play 扮演；玩；踢，打，弹scene 场景 romantic 浪漫的 funny 有趣的，好笑的 although 虽然，尽管
...... opinion 意见，观点，主张
in one’s opinion 以某人的观点，某人看来 except 除了......以外 advise 建议；劝告 ourselves 我们自己 comment 评论，意见 plenty 富足；充足 plenty of 许多 winner 获胜者，赢家 MODULE 7
1、off adj.&adv不工作，休息，离开2、hardly adv.几乎不 3、traffic 交通 4、cross v.通过
5、whole adj.所有的，完整的
6、phone v.打电话 n.电话 7、myself pron.我自己 8、rock n.岩石，石头 9、soldier n.士兵 10、area n.范围，地区
11、wake v.(woke,woken)叫醒，醒来12、wake up 叫醒…… 13、tent n.帐篷 14、cable car 缆车 15、view n.景色，风景 16、top n. 顶端 17、path n.小路 18、waterfall 瀑布 19、plant 植物 20、pull v. 拉，拖，拔
MODULE8 1、celebrate v.庆祝 2、labour n.劳动 3、season n.季节 4、vacation n.假期 5、while conj.当…的时候 6、Labour Day 劳动节 7、as soon as 一…就… 8、ending n.结局 9、beginning n.开始 10、all over 遍布 11、depend on 依据 12、count down 倒数 13、get together 聚会 14、resolution n.决心，决定
15、list n.名单，目录 16、a list of 一列，一栏 17、help out 帮…克服困难 18、promise v.保证 19、zero 零
20、Mother's Day 母亲节 MODULE 9 1、so that 目的是 2、avoid v.避免 3、brave adj.勇敢的 4、excuse n.借口 v.原谅 5、thought n.想法 6、on one's own 独自 7、come up 出现，发生
8、rewrite v.(rewrote,rewritten)重写
9、bet v.(bet,bet)打赌 10、army n.军队 11、Canada 加拿大
12、Canadian n.加拿大人 adj.加拿大的 13、medical adj.医学的 14、treat v.治疗 15、treatment n.治疗 16、Dr(=doctor) 医生，博士 17、give one's life to 献身于 18、front n.前线 19、injured 受伤的 20、war 战争
21、First World War 第一次世界大战 22、invent v.发明，创造 23、tool n.工具
24、local adj.地方的，当地的 25、operate v.动手术 26、operation n.手术 27、in spite of 尽管 … 28、in the end 最后 29、take care of 照顾 MODULE 10
1、perfect adj.完美的，理想的 2、board v.登（机，船等） 3、flight n. 航班，飞行，航程 4、gate n. 登机门，门 5、silly adj.傻里傻气的 6、outdoor adj.户外的 7、so ...that... 如此…以致… 8、business 商业，生意
9、empty adj.空的 10、stomach n.胃
11、burn v.(burned,burned) 燃烧 12、enough adj.足够的
13、everything 每件事物，一切14、college n.大学，学院 15、go to college 上大学 16、living adj.生活的 17、simple adj. 简单的 18、properly adv.适当地 19、not..at all 一点也不… 20、see off 送别… 21、manage v. 设法做到 Revision module B 1、alarm n.闹钟
2、ring v.(rang,rung) 响，鸣，打电话 3、topic n.话题 ，主题 4、introduction n.介绍，入门 5、blong to 属于 6、recruit v.招收，招募 7、share v.分享，共有 8、extent n.程度，范围
9、to some extent 从某种程度来讲
十二. 短语动词和句型 【名师点睛】
短语动词是中考的重要内容之一。在初中阶段，我们已经学习了不少短语
动词，把他们加以归纳总结，进行重点复习是十分必要的。英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。
1. 短语动词的分类 (1)动词＋介词
常见的有look for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如： Don’t laugh at others.
Tom asked his parents for a bike. (2)动词＋副词
常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如： You’ll hand in your homework tomorrow. Please don’t forget to hand it in. (3)动词＋副词＋介词
常见的有 go on with, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：
Go on and I’ll catch up with you in five minutes. After a short rest, he went on with his research work. (4)动词＋名词＋介词
常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如： You should pay attention to your handwriting. We should make full use of our time.
(5)动词＋形容词
常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如： The prisoners were set free. He cut it open. (6)动词＋名词
常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：
This story took place three years ago. I make friends with a lot of people. 2. 短语动词的辨析
(1)be made in（在……生产或制造），be made of(由……组成或构成) (2)come down(下来;落)，come along(来；随同)，come to oneself(苏醒)，come true(实现)，come out(花开；发芽；出现；出来)，come over（过来；顺便来访），come in(进来)，come on(来吧；跟着来；赶快), come up with(找到；提出)
(3)do one’s best(尽最大努力), do well in(在……干得好), do one’s homework(做作业)，do some reading(阅读)
(4)fall asleep(入睡)，fall behind(落在…..后面)，fall off(从……掉下)，fall down(到下；跌倒)
(5)get down(下来；落下)，get on(上车)，get to(到达)，get up(起床)，get
back(回来；取回)，get off(下来)，get on well with(与……相处融洽)，get married(结婚)，get together(相聚)
(6)give up(放弃)，give…a hand(给与……帮助)，give a concert(开音乐会) (7)go back(回去)，go on(继续)，go home(回家)，go to bed(睡觉)，go over(过一遍；仔细检查)，go out(外出；到外面)，go wrong(走错路)，go on doing(继续做某事)，go shopping(买东西)，go boating(去划船), go fishing(去钓鱼)，go hiking(去徒步旅行)，go skating(去滑冰)，go straight along(沿着……一直往前走)
(8)have a look(看一看), have a seat（坐下）, have supper（吃晚餐）, have a rest（休息）, have sports（进行体育活动）, have a cold（感冒）, have a cough（咳嗽）, have a good time（过得愉快）, have a headache（头痛），have a try(尝 试；努力)
(9)look for(寻找)，look out(留神; 注意)，look over(仔细检查)，look up(向上看；抬头看)，look after(照顾; 照看)，look at(看； 观看)，look like(看起来像)，look the same(看起来像)，
(10)make friends(交朋友)，make phone calls(打电话)，make money(赚钱)，make the bed(整理床铺)，make a noise(吵闹)，make a faces(做鬼脸)，make one’s way to(往……走去)，make room for(给……腾出地方)，make a decision(做出决定)，make a mistake(犯错误)，make up one’s mind(下决心)
(11)put on(上演；穿上；戴上)，put up(挂起；举起)，put down(把某物
放下来)，put away(把某物收起来), put off(推迟)
(12)take off(脱掉衣服)，take photos(照相)，take time(花费时间)，take out(取出)，take a seat(坐下)，take an active part in(积极参加)，take care of(照顾；照料；注意)，take exercise(做运动)，take one’s place(坐某人的位置；代替某人的职务)，take turn(轮流) (13)talk about(谈话；交谈)，talk with(和……交谈)
(14)turn on(打开电灯，收音机，煤气，自来水等)，turn off(关上电灯，收音机，煤气，自来水等)，turn down(关小；调低)，turn…over(把…..翻过来)
(15)think of(认为；想起)，think about(考虑) 3.句子的基本句型结构
根据句子所用动词的不同，句子可归纳为五个基本句型。 (1)主语+连系动词+表语。例如： My mother is a doctor. Her voice sounds nice. (2)主语+不及物动词。例如： He runs fast. We study hard.
(3)主语+及物动词+宾语。例如： Children often sing this song. He studies English.
1)常用-ing形式, 而不用不定式作宾语的动词有：enjoy, finish, feel like,
consider, practise, keep, suggest, mind等。例如： She enjoys reading novels and swimming. I finished reading the book last night.
2)常用不定式，而不用-ing形式作宾语的动词有：wish, hope, agree, plan, decide, refuse等。例如： Where do wish to sit?
Tom agreed to lend some money.
3)有些及物动词既可用不定式，由可用-ing形式作宾语，但意义不同。这类动词常见的有：remember, forget等。例如： Please remember to post the letter for me. 请记住替我发了这封信。 I remember posting the letter. 我记得那封信寄过了。
Stop的用法同上面的词相仿，不过stop后面跟不定式不是作宾
语，而是作状语。试比较下列句子： He stopped to smoke. 他停下来吸烟。 He stopped smoking. 他停止吸烟了。
4)有些及物动词的宾语，既可用不定式，又可用-ing形式，意义基本相同。这类动词常见的有：like, love, hate, begin, start, continue等。例如：
I like to swim in summer. I like swimming in summer.
(4)主语+及物动词+ 间接宾语+直接宾语。例如： My father bought me a new bike. He gave me an apple.
1)及物动词之后跟有双宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物。指人的为间接宾语，
Please pass me a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to me. Show me your new book, please. =Please show your new book to me.
2)把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾前有时加介词to, 有时加介词
for,这主要取决于谓语动词。一般在动词give, tell, sell, lend, show之后加to。在动词buy, make, get等之后加for。例如： Would you lend me your dictionary, please? =Would you lend your dictionary to me, please?
Tom’s mother bought him a pair of new shoes. =Tom’s mother bought a pair of new shoes for him.
(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。例如： We keep our classroom clean and tidy. I hear someone singing in the next room.
1)及物动词指后跟有复合宾语，一个是宾语，一个是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。例如： We call him Jack. Don’t get your hands dirty.
2)在及物动词之后，用不定式作宾语补足语和用-ing形式作宾语补足语
表示
的意思往往不同。用不定式作宾语补足语指事情的全过程；用-ing形式作
宾语补足语指正在进行的动作的一部分。例如： I heard him sing that song. (我听他唱过那首歌。) When I came back, I heard him singing in the room. (我回来时，听见他正在房间里唱歌。)
3)在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, listen to, look at使役动词let, make, have等的复合宾语种，不定式须省去to。但变为被动句时，省去的to要加上。例如： I saw him go into the room. He was seen to go into the room. 4. 初中阶段主要句型的用法。
1. It's time to (for) .... 表“时间到了；该干…的时间了”之意。 It's time to go home. It's time for school.
注意：to的后面接动词短语，而for的后面接名词。
2. It's bad (good) for ... 表示“对…有害（有益）的”含义。 Please don't smoke. It's bad for your health. Please take more exercise. It's good for your health.
3. be late for (school) 是“上学（迟到）”之意。for后面还可以接meeting或class。
He was late for school this morning. Don't be late for class, please.
4. had better do / not do sth. 表示“最好做/不做某事”之意。 You had better put on the coat when you go out. It's cold outside. We had better stop to have a rest.
注意：用had better时，后面一定要直接跟动词原形，决不能加to do sth. 否定一定用在第二个动词之前，是动词不定式的否定式。 5. be (feel) afraid of ... 表示“恐怕”，“害怕…”之意。 He is afraid of snakes.
Mary feels afraid of going out alone.
6. enjoy doing sth. 是“喜欢（爱好）做某事”之意，doing是动名词作动词enjoy的宾语。enjoy有欣赏之意。 Are you enjoy living in Beijing? Do you enjoy listening to music? 7. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来做某事 It's time for class. Stop talking, please. When she saw me, she stopped to talk with me. 8. Let (make) sb. do 让（使）某人做某事。 Let's go to school.
Father made his son clean the room again.
注意：当make sb. do sth. 用于被动语态时，第二个动词前面就一定要
加to了。如：
His son was made to clean the room again. he was made to work twelve hours a day in the past. 9. like to do / like doing sth. 是“喜欢做某事”之意。
like to do sth. 是表示比较具体的喜欢做某事；like doing sth. 是表示宠统的喜欢做某事。如：
I like to swim in the swimming pool.
我喜欢在游泳池中游泳。（喜欢的具体的地方游泳） I like swimming. 我喜欢游泳（只讲喜欢这项运动）
10. ask (tell) sb. to do. (not to do) sth. 请（让）某人（不）做某事 Jim asked his mother to help him with his lessons. When did you tell him not to shout loudly?
11. give (lend) sb. sth. = give (lend) sth. to sb. 给（借给）某人某物 Mike gave me a new pair of stockings. Please lend us your car.
12. be busy doing sth. 表示“忙于做某事”之意。 The students are busy getting ready for the exams. Is Mrs Black busy washing clothes?
13. too ... to ... 表示“太…以致不能…”的含义。 She is too young to go to school. The old man was too tired to walk farther. 14. not……until …… 是“直……才……”之意。
My daughter didn't go to bed until 11 o'clock last night. We won't have time to rest until the summer holiday comes. 15. so ……that 是“如此……以致……”的意思。 Peter is so clever that all the teachers like him very much. The song is so wonderful that everyone likes to listen to it. 16. neither ……nor ……是“既不……也不……”之意。 Mr. Smith is neither a worker nor a soldier. He is a scientist. Neither you nor I am free.
17. enough to do sth. 是“足以去做某事”之意。 She is old enough to go to school. Peter was tall enough to reach the apple.
19. prefer……to ……是“比起来，还是……好，”“喜欢……而不喜欢”之意。 I prefer English to maths = I like English better than maths He prefers playing football to playing basketball. 20. not ……at all ……是“根本不……”之意。 I don't know Mr. King at all. David doesn't like singing at all.
21．keep sb. doing sth. 是“使某人继续做某事”之意。
Mr. Wang didn't come to school on time. She kept me waiting for two hours. Don't keep your mother doing everything for you You should do it by yourself.
22. keep sth. + adj. 是“保持某物处于某种状况”之意。
Please keep our classroom clean and tidy. That wool sweater kept her body warm enough.
23. see sb. doing sth. 表示“看见某人正在做某事”之意。
When my brother passed the post office, he saw a little boy crying at the door. Did you see a car coming here ?
24. see sb. do sth. 是“看见某人做了某事”之意。
That girl saw an old woman fall down on the road yesterday. Have you seen the leaves drop into the river ?
25. hear sb. doing sth. 是“听到某人正在做某事”之意。 Listen ! Can you hear someone singing on the hill? We heard him talking with Mr. Li loudly just now. 26. hear sb. do sth. 表示“听见某人做了某事”之意。 He was often heard to sing in his room in the past. Why didn't you hear me come into the sitting rom ? 27. be used for doing sth. 是“被用来做某事”的意思。 Knives are used for cutting things. Teapot is used for keeping tea warm.
28. It's three metres long / high/ wide. 它是三米长（高、宽）形容词要放在后面作后置定语。句型是It / 主语+ be +数词+米/公里+形容词。 His father is one and seventy metres tall. That river is fifty metres wide.
29. What's wrong with ......? / What's the problem with ......?/ What's the trouble
with ......?/ What's the matter?表示“出了什么毛病？”“…哪儿不舒服？”“怎么啦？”的含义。
What's wrong with your car? What's wrong with you, little girl? What's the matter with your watch?
30. Would you like (to do) ......? 是“你想要…吗？”的意思。like后面可以接名词，词组或动词不定式。提出一种建议或邀请。 Would you like some fish?
Would you like to go to the cinema with me? 31. Will you please do sth? 是“你想要做……吗？” Will you please say it more slowly?
Will you please not open the window? I feel cold.
32. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 是“做某事花费某人一段时间”之意。可以用于一般现在时，一般过去式和一般将来时态。
It will take us two hours to go over all the words and expressions. It took Mr Wang half an hour to clean the bedroom. 33. I'd like sb. to do sth. 是“我希望某人来做某事”之意。 I'd like my friend to help me with my lessons. He'd like Jim to teach him how to use the computer.
34. There's sth. wrong with ......是“某物/人出了问题”，“某物/人有了毛病”之意。
There is something wrong the TV set. = Something is wrong with the TV set.
There must be something wrong with the car. It doesn't move. 35. I don't think that + clause 是“我想…不会…”“我认为…不…”之意。 I don't think that any of the questions is difficult. We don't think he will have time tomorrow.
36. What about ......? 表示征求意见，询问消息，是“…好不好？”“…怎么样？”之意。
What about some tea?
What about your mother? Is she all right?
37. Why not do ...? 是表示建议，“为什么不……？”之意。 Why not have a rest? You have already worked for four hours.
Why not come to play games with us? =Why don't you come to play games with us?
38. What do you mean by ......? 是“请问…是什么意思？”之意。 What do you mean by \"scientist\ What do you mean by \"manager\
可以说What is the meaning of \"manager\"?或What does the \"manager\" mean?
39. You like singing very much. So do I. 你非常喜欢唱歌。我也非常喜欢。 So do I. = I like singing very much, too.
So在句型\"so + be (have，助动词或情态动词)+主语中\"有“也”，“同样”的意思，表示前面所说的情况，也适合于另一个人（或物）。 He saw the accident, and so did I.
She can ride a horse, and so can I.
40. It's easy for him to learn English well. 学好英语对他来说很容易。
It's + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 是“对某人来说做某事怎么样”之意。It是代词作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式（或短语），为避免句子头重脚轻而将主语放在了后面。
It is dangerous for children to play in the street. It was easy for her to tidy her room just now. 【实例解析】
1. (2004年北京市中考试题)
When he ________ home, he saw his mother cleaning the room. A. got up B. got back C. got off D. got on
答案：B。该题考查的是短语动词的用法。根据题意，空白处所填的短语动词的意思应该是“回到”，所以选got back。 2. (2004年北京市中考试题)
Father is sleeping. You’d better ________ quiet. A. to keep B. keep C. keeping D. kept
答案：B。该题考查的是常见句型。had better 后接动词原形，所以应选keep。 3. (2004年北京海淀区中考试题)
---Would you mind _________ my pet dog while I’m away. ---Sure, no problem.
A. setting up B. looking after C. turning down D. keeping out
答案：B。该题考查的是短语动词的用法。根据题意，空白所填短语动词的
意思应该是“照看”，所以选B。 4. (2004年常州市中考试题)
---Mum, I’m offered 8,000 yuan a month of the job. ---Really? It just sounds ________ to be true.
A. so well B. too good C. good enough D. too well
答案：B。该题考查的是“too…to”句型的应用。too good to be true 表示太好了，以至于不会是真的。 【中考演练】 一. 单项选择
1. Would you please drive faster ? My flight is _________. A. taking off B. getting off C. turning off D. putting off
2. On October 15, 2003 China _______ its first man-made spaceship, which made Yang Liwei a hero to many kids. A. set out B. Set off C. sent up D. sent out 3. ---How is the play going ?
---We are going to _______ the day after tomorrow. A. put on it B. put it off C. put it on D. put it off
4. Mr Green is busy _______ the newspaper while his wife is busy ______ the housework.
A. reading ; with B. to read ; with C. to read ; doing D. with ; to do 5. We have to _______ our things if we travel on a train or a bus. A. look at B. look up C.look like D. look after
6. ---If you ______ a new idea, please call me as soon as possible. --- Sure, I will.
A. keep up with B. catch up with C. feed up with D. come up with 7. ---Zhou Jielun is so cool. I’m his fan. ---____________.
A. So do I B. So I do C. So am I D. So I am
8. ---Your new sweater looks beautiful. Is it _______ pure wool ? ---Yes, and it’s _______ Inner Mongolia.
A. made by ; made for B. made of ; made by C. made of ; made in D. Made by ; made from 9. Please _______ the box carefully. It is filled with glasses A. put down B. put on C. put off D. put together 10. ---________ ! There’s a car coming ! ---Oh. Thanks.
A. Look over B. Look up C. Look on D. Look out 11. ---Look! The bus is coming.
---But it’s full of people. We can’t ______ .
A.get off B. get down C. get on with D. get on 12. ---Excuse me. Where’s the Science Museum? ---Take No.3 bus and ______ at the fourth stop.
A. get on B. get off C. get up D. get to
13. It’s very cold today. You’d better put _____ your coat when you go out.
A. away B. down C. on D. up
14. Miss Li told the children to walk one after another. She didn’t want them to
______ in the park
A. get wrong B. get away C. get lost D. get ready 15. The flowers start to _____ in spring.
A. come in B. come out C. come from D. come to
16. Lucy, could you please help me _____ the map on the blackboard?
A. put into B. put up C. put out D. put on
17. “Get a ladder, please. I can’t _____ .” Jim said in a tall tree.
A. come back B. come out C. come down D. come over 18. I have ____ my parents, and now I’m answering it.
A. heard of B. heard from C. heard D. heard about 19. I can’t see the words clearly. Can I _____ the light?
A. turn on B. put off C. hold on D. take off
20. As soon as the man walked into the warm room, he _____ his heavy coat
and sat down.
A. took away B. took down C. took off D. took up 二. 用非谓语动词填空
1. The bus was very crowded, so she wanted ______ a taxi. 2. She enjoys _______ novels before going to bed. 3. It took him two hours _______ his homework. 4. He has made up his mind _____ hard.
5. Would you like _______ the football match this afternoon? 6. The child stopped ______ and listened to the music. 7. Beethoven taught me ______ the music. 8. Thank you for _______ me to the party.
9. He lost his money, so he asked his friend ______ a train ticket for him. 10. Mark Twain liked to tell funny stories to make people ______ . 三. 完成下列句子
1. 请你把这些花送给她，好吗？ Will you send ____ _____ _____ ? 2. 你离开教室的时候，不要忘记关窗户。
Don’t forget _____ _____ _____ _____ when you leave the classroom. 3. 我到学校的时候，听见她在唱歌。 When I got to school, I hear ____ _____.
4. 不仅学生们，而且他们的老师也喜欢那个电影。
Not only the students but also their teacher _____ _____ ____ . 5. 我们都不喜欢跳舞。
None of us is fond of _________. 6. 我用了两个小时修车。
It _______ me two hours _______ _______ the bike. 7. 直到妈妈回来时，他才完成作业。
He ______ finish his homework _______ his mother came back.
8. 他和我都不是老师。
______ he _______ I am a teacher. 9. 他从小就对数学感兴趣。
He became ________ in maths when he was ________. 10. 你最好乘火车。
You'd _______ ______ a train. 【练习答案】
一. 1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.D1 2.B 13.C14.C 15.B 16.B
17.C 18.B 19.A 20.C
二. 1.to take 2.reading 3.to do 4.to study 5. to watch 6. playing 7.to play
8.inviting 9.to buy 10.laugh
三. 1.her these flowers 2.to close the windows 3.her singing 4.likes the film
5.dancing 6. took, to mend/ repair/ fix 7. didn’t, until 8. Neither, nor 9. interested, young 10. better, take
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