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英语培优训练--介词专练及答案(1)

2021-11-29 来源:易榕旅网


英语培优训练--介词专练及答案(1)

一、单项选择介词

1.Soon after getting off his horse, the captain appeared at the second-floor windows, ______ he could see nothing but trees.

A.where B.from where

C.which D.from which

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查定语从句。句意:下马不久,上尉就出现在二楼的窗口了。他从那里除了树木什么也没看到。he could see nothing but trees.为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词at the second-floor windows,故用from where,相当于and from at the second-floor windows,而from where 比where具体形象,故选B。

【点睛】

From where 引导定语从句的用法。用于引导非限制性定语从句,在意义上相当于

and from there(从那儿)。如:

He hid himself in a tree, from where he could see the enemy in the distance. 他躲在一棵树上,从那儿他可以看到远处的敌人。

We went up to the roof, from where we had a good view of the procession. 我们爬上屋顶,从那儿可以很好地观看游行。

Soon after getting off his horse, the captain appeared at the second storey windows, from where he could see nothing but trees.下马不久,上尉就出现在二楼的窗口了.他从那里除了树木什么也没看到.(引导定语从句)

划线部分相当于…,and from at the windows…不可变为from which…,直接用where不如用from where更具体.

2、She climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view of the whole town.她登上山顶,从那里她可以一览全城风光.(引导定语从句)

划线部分相当于…,and from on the top of the hill或from on the top of which…,不可变为from which,也可直接用where引导,但语义较为含糊,不如用from where更加生动、形象、具体.

2.Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃ ______ the average.

A.below B.above C.about D.on

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查介词。句意:去年是有史以来最暖和的一年,全球气温比平均高出0.68摄氏度。A. below (the average)平均以下;B. above (the average)平均以上; C. about (the average)平均水平;D. on(the average)平均。根据Last year was the warmest year on record可知此处用“平均以上”符合语境。故选B项。

3.In matters of style, swim with the current; in matters of principle, stand __a rock

A.with B.as C.by D.like

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查语境及介词辨析。句意:风尚的事情,随波逐流;原则问题,坚如磐石。A. with和.....一起;B. as作为,当作;像…一样,如同;C. by靠近,在…旁边,由......;D. like相似,类似,像.....:后面只跟名词或代词。根据语境可知,此处是个比喻,比喻人站的像/巨石一样坚定。As和like有“像......,如同......”。但二者是用区别的,as是介词

时,可译作“作为,当作”;作连词时,“(比较时用)像…一样,如同;(指事情以同样的方式发生)和…一样”,后面一般跟省略句;C. by靠近,在…旁边,由......;D. like是介词,“相似,类似,像......”,后面只跟名词或代词。本空后面是名词a rock。可知要用like,而不能用as。故选D。

【点睛】

as与like是英语中常见的两个词,他们的语义和用法很多。在语义上者两个词都可以当“像”,“正如”讲,说明人与人、物与物、动作与动作、状态与状态之间的相似之处。

一、当“像”讲时

1.语法结构的不同之处是:

as作连接词,她引导比较状语从句和方式状语从句,而且这两种从句通常为省略句。

She is a fine singer, as her mother used to be她是个好歌手,就像她母亲以前一样。

There is as much water in this cup as in that one. 这个杯子里的水和那个杯子里的水一样多。

like作介词。

My sister isn't much like me. 我妹妹不像我。

The robot can't work like man. 机器人不能像人一样工作。

2、在含义上不同

like只是单纯表示比较,而且通常侧重A B两者间的比较,并不意味着A和B属于一类或完全相似,表示有些相象。

The ship looks like a high building这艘船看起来像一座高楼。

(只是看起来像一座高楼,但不是和高楼一样)

as可表示同类事物比较。通常侧重于同一性,意味着A B两者属于同一类或完全相似。

He speaks English as an Englishman.(=as well as an English.) 他英语讲得像个英国人。

(表示他英语讲得和英国人一样好)。

二、当“正如”意义讲时

1.as作关系代词或关系副词、引导定语从句。as 在这样的句子里指全句所谈到的内容,引出非限制性定于从句或限制性定语从句的固定搭配,在从句中一般做主语或宾语。

As we said before, you have done a good job. 正如我们之前所说,你做得很好。

as常用于下列词组as you know, as we agreed, as you suggested 这些词组中,as的实际意义不是比较,也不是相似,而是同一事物或人之义。

例如:as you know 的意思不是you know something like this,而是you know this。

As he knew, she wasn't much at writing. 就像他知道的,她不太擅长写作。

2.like作介词

She,like thousands of others, is fascinated by this work她和其他成千上万的人一样,对这项工作着。

3.在非正式的文体中,like,常被用来代替as if

Tom said: ”You feel like you could reach out and touch it” 汤姆说:“你觉得你好像可以伸出手去触摸它。”

4.The police are reopening the investigation ________ the new evidence.

A.in tune with B.in conflict with

C.in light of D.in place of

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查固定短语。句意:警方正根据新的证据重新展开调查。A. in tune with与……一致;B. in conflict with和……冲突;C. in light of根据,鉴于;D. in place of代替。分析句子可知,应该根据新证据重新调查,故选C。

5.Most people work because it’s unavoidable. ________, there are some people who actually enjoy work.

A.As a result B.In addition

C.By contrast D.In conclusion

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查介词短语。句意:大部分人工作是因为不可避免,相比之下,有些人确实喜欢工作。A. As a result结果;B. In addition此外;C. By contrast相比之下;D. In conclusion总而言之。“不可避免”表示一种无奈,也就是说,很多人是不得不工作

的。后句的表达是“事实上有些人喜欢工作”,“喜欢”和“不得不”刚好构成一种对比,故选C。

【点睛】

本题关键词是不可避免(unavoidable)。本题需要通过分析句子成分,判断前后的意思是相反的。介词的短语的考查,四个选项意思都是相差很大的,该题需要能够正确理解句子隐含意思。平时要注重识记介词短语的,另外这些介词短语表达可以运用在写作中。

6.(江苏)Determining where we are ____________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.

A.in contrast to B.in defense of

C.in face of D.in relation to

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查介词短语辨析。句意:确定相对于我们周围环境的地理位置仍然是我们生存的基本技能。A. in contrast to与……形成对照;B. in defense of为……辩护;C. in face of面对……;D. in relation to涉及,相对于。根据语境,故选D项。

7.An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ________it.

A.against B.for

C.to D.with

【答案】A

【解析】

考查介词。be against反对,符合句意。be for支持,赞成;be to到达;be with和……在一起,都与句意不符。

8.(北京)—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.

—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.

A.for B.on

C.in D.at

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词。句意:——早上好,Lee先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约

下周三下午(和Mr. Lee见面)。make an appointment for意为“为……预约”,是固定搭配,故A选项正确。

点睛:make an appointment with sb.和某人预约;make an appointment for为……预约。

9.If we surround ourselves with people _____our major purpose, we can get their support and encouragement.

A.in sympathy with B.in terms of

C.in honour of D.in contrast with

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查介词短语辨析。句意:如果我们周围都是认同我们主要前进目标的人,我们就能得到他们的支持和鼓励。A. in sympathy with赞成;B. in terms of 依据;C. in honour of为纪念;D. in contrast with与…形成对比。由“we can get their support and encouragement”可知,in sympathy with“赞成”符合句意。故选A项。

10.(江苏)China’s soft power grows _______

the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.

A.in line with B.in reply to

C.in return for D.in honour of

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意:中国的软实力增长与日俱增与全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A. in line with按照;与……一致;B. in reply to答复;C. in return for作为……的报答;D. in honour of为纪念,为庆祝。故选A。

点睛:本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。考生平时在学习中多积累之外还需要充分利用特定语境理解词义,还应注意多辨析意思相近的介词短语,重点关注它们用法上的区别。

11.It is advised that our living expenses should be ________ our economic conditions so that we can live within our means.

A.in control of B.in line with C.in contrast with D.in advance of

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查词组。A. in control of控制; B. in line with与------一致; C. in

contrast with与------形成对比; D. in advance of在------前面。句意:有人建议我们的生活费用应该与我们的经济条件相适应,这样我们才能量入为出。结合句意可知答案为B。

12.The fellow we spoke ________ no comment at first.

A.to make B.to made

C.made D.to making

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查谓语动词。句意:和我们说话的那个人一开始没有发表评论。we spoke作the fellow的定语从句,speak不及物,表示和某人谈话应用speak to sb.故该定语从句补充完整为we spoke to,剩余部分为主句,根据spoke可知,主句叙述的是过去的事情,故谓语动词应用made。综上,该空应填to made。B选项正确。

13.--- Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.

--- With so much work ________ my mind, I’ll almost________.

A.filling; break up B.filled; break out C.filled; break off

D.filling; break down

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析: break up“驱散,放假”,break out“爆发”,break off“折断,中止”;break down“出故障,身体垮掉”。第一空是“with+宾语+宾补”结构,在此结构中宾语work和动词fill是主动关系,用现在分词,排除B、C选项,再根据语境可知答案选D。句意:“快点,请告诉我有关这项工程的一些意见。”“对不起,我满脑子都是工作,我快垮掉了。”

考点:考查非谓语动词和短语辨析。

14.On Wednesday, the World Health Organization announced that the number of people killed by Ebola has now risen to over five thousand, with more than fourteen thousand ______.

A.having infected B.to infect

C.infected D.infecting

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析:考查with的复合结构。With+宾语+宾补,宾语补足语可以是不定式(表将来),过去分词(表被动或完成),现在分词(表主动或进行)。主句时态为一般过去时,动作已完成。句意:世界卫生组织宣布因埃博拉病毒致死的人数截止上周三达到了五千多人,并有超过一万四千人感染病毒。故选C。

考点:考查with的复合结构

15.—How can I reserve the tickets?

— phone. A.On B.With C.By D.In

【答案】C

【解析】

“我怎样才能订票?”“通过电话”问句用到how所以要用表方式的词语回答,A.On在上面 B.With 用 C.By 通过、凭借 D.In 在里面 答案为C

16.Neil seemed very calm,yet Celia was still aware of his panic _______ the surface.

A.beneath B.over C.beyond D.from

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析:考查介词。A.beneath 在---之下;B.over越过,在---之上;C.beyond 超过,越过;D.from从---。Neil似乎非常冷静,然而Celia仍然意识到他表面之下的惊慌。故选A。

考点:考查介词

17.—What a drive! I’m tired out.

—No wonder! You have been driving for such a long time ________ taking a break.

A.by B.without C.through D.in

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析:考查介词。句意:——我感到筋疲力尽。——难怪!你一直开这么长时间没有休息。

【知识拓展】

(It’s) no wonder that...难怪……。

It is no wonder that he should have succeeded.

考点:考查介词

18.When reading the lines, readers can connect the literature to their own experience.

A.with B.for

C.beyond D.on

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:当读者读出言外之意时,他们可以将文学与他们自己的经历联系起来。reading beyond thelines“言外之意”是固定短语。故选C。

19.Now, I doubt if there’s anybody here who is indifferent between the choices, indifferent _______the choice between these two lives.

A.in favor of B.in honor of

C.in place of D.in regard to

【答案】D

【解析】句意:现在我怀疑这里是否有人在这些选择之中是冷漠的,不关心关于这两

种生命之间的选择。in favor of支持,赞同;in honor of向……致敬;in place of代替,取代;in regard to关于。D项符合语境。

20.When asked about their opinion about the schoolmaster ,many teachers would prefer to see him step aside __________ younger men.

A.in terms of B.in need of C.in favor of D.in praise of

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查介词短语辨析。句意:当被问及对校长的看法时,许多老师宁愿看到他站在一边,支持较年轻的人。A. in terms of就……而言,从……而论;B. in need of 需要;C. in favor of支持,拥护;D. in praise of称赞,表扬。根据句意分析,C项符合题意。故选C项。

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