第三部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2012·北京西城期末)
Traffic Management
Traffic lights are key tools for regulating traffic flow.They are not，however，perfect.Drivers complain the traffic jams that would happen at unmanaged crossings for a pattern of stopgo movement that can still be annoying，and which burns more fuel than a smooth passage.
Creating such a smooth passage means adjusting a vehicle's speed so that it always arrives at the lights when they are green.That is theoretically possible，but practically hard.Roadside signs wired to traffic lights can help get the message across a couple hundred metres from a crossing，but such signs are expensive，and are not widespread.Margaret Martonosi and Emmanouil Koukoumidis at Princeton University，and LiShiuan Peh at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology，however，have an idea that could make the process cheaper and more effective.Instead of a hardwired network of signs，they propose to use mobile phone applications.
For a driver to benefit，he must load the team's software，named SignalGuru，into his phone and then put it on a special thing attached to the inside of his car's windscreen，with the camera lens(镜头)pointing forward.SignalGuru is designed to detect traffic lights and track their status as red，yellow or green.It broadcasts this information to other phones in the area that are fitted with the same software，and—if there are enough of them—the phones thus each know the status of most of the lights around town.Using this information，SignalGuru is able to calculate the trafficlight schedule for the area and suggest the speed at which a driver should travel in order to avoid red lights.
Tests in Cambridge，Massachusetts，where five drivers were asked to follow the same route for three hours，and in Singapore，where eight drivers were asked to follow one of two routes for 30 minutes，revealed that SignalGuru was capable of predicting trafficlight activity with an accuracy of 98.2% and 96.3% respectively，in the two cities.This was particularly impressive because in Cambridge the lights shifted，
roughly halfway through the test，from their unbusy schedule to their afternoontraffic schedule，while in Singapore lights are adaptive，using detectors fixed under the road to determine how much traffic is present and thus when a signal should change.In neither case was SignalGuru fooled.
Fuel consumption fell，too—by about 20%.SignalGuru thus reduces both annoyance and fuel use，and makes going back and forth to work a slightly less horrible experience.
56．Roadside signs wired to traffic lights are not the best way to create a smooth passage because ______.
A．they are expensive and easily break B．they are too costly and not widely used C．they are complex and confusing to drivers
D．they are theoretically possible but practically useless 57．SignalGuru is an application used on ______. A．a camera B．a computer
C．a mobile phone D．a GPS system in one's car
58．With the information it collects and processes，SignalGuru is able to ______. A．help drivers avoid traffic accidents B．help drivers to adjust their speed C．change the traffic lights in advance D．send information to all cell phones 59．The tests in Cambridge and Signapore were impressive because SignalGuru ______.
A．proved to be unreliable B．operated at a high speed C．functioned rather stably D．understood drivers' schedules
56．B 根据文章第二段第三句中的“...but such signs are expensive，and are not widespread.”可知应选B项。
57．C 根据第三段第一句中的“For a driver to benefit，he must load the team's software，named SignalGuru，into his phone...”可知，SignalGuru是一种安装在手机里的应用软件，故选C项。
58．B 根据第三段的最后一句“Using this information，SignalGuru is able to calculate the trafficlight schedule for the area and suggest the speed at which a driver should travel in order to avoid red lights.”可知，SignalGuru可以帮助司机调整车速，避免等红灯。
59．C 根据第四段中的“This was particularly impressive because in
Cambridge...In neither case was SignalGuru fooled.”可知，在这两个试验中，虽然各有干扰因素，但是SignalGuru运作相当稳定，并未受到“愚弄”，因此选C项。
阅读（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
In 1971 a young man who grew up very poor was traveling across the country, trying to make a new start for himself. Along the way he had completely run out of money and was forced to spend the night in his car. This continued until one morning, after a week of sleeping in his car, he walked nervously into a restaurant and ordered a big breakfast.
After eating his first good meal in weeks, he found himself lying to the waiter, telling him he had lost his wallet. The waiter, who was also the owner, walked behind the chair where they young man had been sitting. He bent down, and came up with a $20 bill that looked as if it had fallen on the floor and said, “Son, you must have dropped this,” the owner said. The young man couldn’t believe his luck! He quickly paid for the breakfast, left a tip, bought gas with the change, and headed West.
On the way out of town, he began to understand what that fellow did. Maybe nobody dropped the money at all. “Maybe that fellow just knew I was in trouble and he helped me in a way that didn’t embarrass（使困窘）me. So I just made a promise to help other people if I can.”
Later, he worked very hard and became a rich man. Now, he lives near Kansas City. Each year he gives away thousands of dollars. He is known as the “Secret Santa” because at Christmas time each year, he personally hands money out to those on the street and at restaurants. Last year, he gave more than $50,000 away in Kansas City. 51. The young man was traveling across the country in 1971 probably to ________.
A. find a piece of work to do C. look for a good restaurant
B. hand out gifts to passers-by D. show his new car to others
52. The underlined word “this” in the second paragraph refers to ________.
A. a wallet
B. his luck
C. the $20 bill D. his tip
53. On the way out of town, the young man got to know that ________.
A. it was very honest of the owner to return his money
B. another man who had breakfast in the restaurant lost the money C. he could probably find himself a job in the restaurant D. the owner helped him in a way that didn’t hurt his feelings 54. From this text we can infer that ________.
A. the man raised money for the poor B. the man did carry out his promise C. Santa gives the man money each year D. the man was not successful in the end 55. The best title for this text may be ________.
A. Secret Santa of Kansas City
B. The Key to Success
D. Never Give Up
C. A Kind Waiter in the Restaurant
参考答案-----------51--55 ACDBA Passage A
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位神秘的圣诞老人的故事。
51. A. 推理判断题 本文第一段trying to make a new start for himself告诉我们这个
人在寻求事业上新的开始。
52. C. 指代关系题 第二段提到餐馆老板举起一张20美元的钞票，问是否是年轻人丢的。
由此可知，this指的是这20美元的钞票。
53. D. 事实细节题 第三段告诉我们年轻人逐渐明白了老板是为了不伤害自己的自尊心，不
使自己感到尴尬才这么做的。
54. B. 推理判断题 第三段说So I just made a promise to help other people if I can.
最后一段就告诉我们他每年圣诞节都要帮助很多人，可见他兑现了自己的诺言。 55. A. 主旨大意题 本文给我们讲述的就是一位神秘的圣诞老人的故事。
(2012·陕西师大附中月考)
Increasingly，Americans are becoming their own doctors，by going online to diagnose their symptoms，order home health tests or medical devices，or even selftreat their illnesses with drugs from Internet pharmacies(药店)．Some avoid doctors because of the high cost of medical care，especially if they lack health insurance.Or they may stay because they find it embarrassing to discuss their weight，alcohol consumption or couch potato habits.Patients may also fear what they might learn about their health，or they distrust physicians because of negative experiences in the past.But playing doctor can also be a deadly game.
Every day，more than six million Americans turn to the Internet for medical answers—most of them aren't nearly skeptical enough of what they find.A 2002 survey by the Pew Internet & American Life Project found that 72 percent of those surveyed believe all or most of what they read on health websites.They shouldn't.Look up “headache”，and the chances of finding reliable and complete information，free from a motivation for commercial gain，are only one in ten，reports an April 2005 Brown Medical School study.Of the 169 websites the researchers rated，only 16 scored as “high quality”．Recent studies found faulty facts about all sorts of other disorders，causing one research team to warn that a large amount of incomplete，inaccurate and even dangerous information exists on the Internet.
The problem is that most people don't know the safe way to surf the Web.“They use a search engine like Google，get 18 trillion choices and start clicking.But that's risky.Because almost anybody can put up a site that looks authoritative(权威的)，it's hard to know whether what you're reading is reasonable or not，” says Dr.Sarah Bass from the National Cancer Institute.
60．According to the text，an increasing number of Americans ______. A．are suffering from mental disorders B．turn to Internet for help C．like to play deadly games with doctors D．are skeptical about surfing medical websites
61．According to the study of Brown Medical School，______. A．more than 6 million Americans distrust doctors B．only 1/10 of medical websites aim to make a profit
C．about 1/10 of the websites surveyed are of high quality D．72% of health websites offer incomplete and faulty information 62．Which of the following is the author's main argument? A．It's cheap to selftreat your own illness. B．It's embarrassing to discuss your bad habits. C．It's reasonable to put up a medical website. D．It's dangerous to be your own doctor.
63．According to Dr.Sarah Bass，what is the problem with the people turning to the Internet for medical help?
A．They have no idea what search engines are safe. B．They always click too many authoritative sites. C．They are eager to apply what they read on the Net.
D．They don't know how to get safe information while surfing the Internet.
60．B 由全文第一句“Increasingly，Americans are becoming their own doctors，by going online to diagnose their symptoms...”可知答案为B项。
61．C 由第二段中的“Of the 169 websites the researchers rated，only 16 scored as ‘high quality’．”可知，169家保健网站，只有16家安全可靠，即占约1/10。故答案为C项。
62．D 文章首先谈到越来越多的美国人生病不再去看医生，而通过上网买药治病，自己当医生；下文又讲到网上的信息并不安全可靠，许多网站存在不完整、不准确，甚至是危险的信息。故作者认为自己诊治自己的做法是危险的。
63．D 由最后一段内容尤其是第一句可知Dr.Sarah Bass认为多数人并不知道如何在网上得到安全可靠的信息。
***********************************************************结束
(2012·山西山大附中月考)
Awardwinning author Emma Donoghue's latest book，Room，is a unique and amazing story about a boy's experience living in a small，windowless room with his mother.The 11squarefoot space between the walls of the room is actually all the boy knows because he was born there and has never left.Room will horrify，surprise，sadden，and finally delight you.Attracted from the start，readers of all sorts won't want to put Room down.
◆First published in the U．S.in September 2010 ◆Publisher：Little Brown ◆321 pages
Literary master Ian McEwan returns with Solar，a novel about a Nobel Prizewinning physicist.The physicist's personal life is in a mess as his fifth marriage breaks up，but this time he actually loves his wife and wants to make things better.Solar is a funny story，completely unusual and as good as anything the writer has ever written.
◆Published in March 2010 ◆Publisher：Knopf Doubleday ◆304 pages
One Day by David Nicholls was an international bestseller before it was released
in the U．S.in June.Although it is well written and funny at times，don't be fooled—this isn't a romantic comedy.If you decide to read it，be prepared for some heavy moments.
◆Published in the U．S.in June 2010 ◆Publisher：Vintage Contemporaries ◆437 pages
Fall of Giants by Ken Follett is the first book in a new trilogy(three books)that
will take readers through the major events of the twentieth century by following five families.In Fall of Giants，most of the action centers on World War Ⅰ and the Bolshevik Revolution.Although Fall of Giants is more than 1,000 pages and has many characters，the story is remarkably connected.
◆Published in September 2010 ◆Publisher：Dutton ◆1008 pages
64．According to the text，the latest and longest novel is ______. A．Room B．Solar C．One Day D．Fall of Giants 65．We can know from the text that ______.
A．the main character of Room has a wide range of knowledge B．Solar is the only book that Ian McEwan has ever written C．all the four books were not published in the same month D．One Day is a funny romantic comedy that sells very well 66．What can we infer from the passage? A．Ian McEwan's fifth marriage broke up. B．Room by Emma Donoghue has a happy ending. C．The publisher of One Day is Little Brown. D．Dutton and Ken Follett are both publishers.
64．D 根据四本书的出版时间和页数可知选D项。
65．C 根据四本书的出版时间可知，一本在3月出版，一本是在6月出版，还有两本在9月出版，故C项正确。
66．B 从第一段的“...finally delight you.”可知，Room这本书有一个愉快的结局。 *******************************************************结束
In the face of tragedy(悲剧)，you must of course let yourself feel：Cry without holding back，shake with fear，yell out in anger，accept and follow your feelings.This is part of the wise approach to tragedy：The Upward Path—the feeling of emotions(情感)，the acceptance of them，and the coupling of the emotional mind with wisdom.Along this path，you'll take the experience—no matter how sad or upsetting—as a learning event，just as all other points on your journey will prove to be.While tragic，you must recognize this is still a chance for all involved to grow.You should let both
sadness and joy，fear and courage，dark and light fill your world，and learn to find your steady，calm center in the midst of the opposing forces.This is the Upward Path.Use the event as a chance to gain balance and discover wisdom—the wisdom of love and of letting go，of nonattachment and nonresistance，and using this experience to eventually help others in need of guidance.
Being able to relate to others who have also experienced tragedy and inspire in them hope—of recovery，of insight，and of moving forward—is perhaps the greatest gift you can receive from tragedy.Turn the negative into positive，the pain into connection.After you've taken appropriate time to be sad，to feel your own pain，you should make it your work，your goal，your purpose to connect with others who need help.Show them how you've experienced feelings，achieved balance，and gained wisdom that you would never have otherwise had the chance to learn.
FEEL，but do not FEED on tragedy.Rather，let it inspire you to go beyond the person who you were before.With demise comes renewal，so let this loss be also your rebirth.No matter how hopeless it seems，no matter how difficult this becomes，you have the power to transform yourself into someone greater than you ever knew you could be.
67．When following the Upward Path，the person facing tragedy should ______. A．free his emotions B．hold back all his feelings
C．fill his world with positive ideas D．give in to tragedy and all opposing forces
68．According to the author，the greatest gift one gets from tragedy is being able to ______.
A．seek solutions from others B．understand and help others C．stay calm and resist change D．forgive others and move on
69．The underlined word“demise”in the last paragraph probably means ______. A．sorrow B．problem C．difficulty D．death 70．The purpose of the passage is to ______. A．analyze the causes of tragedy B．tell people how to prevent tragedy C．suggest a way of dealing with tragedy
D．encourage people to build friendship after tragedy
67．A 根据第一段中“While tragic，you must recognize this is still a chance for all involved to grow...Use the event as a chance to gain balance and discover
wisdom—the wisdom of love and of letting go...”可知，如果一个人沿着向上的轨迹，那么当他面对悲剧时，就会释放他的情绪，获得心理平衡，发现智慧。故A项正确。
68．B 根据第二段中“Being able to relate to others who have also experienced tragedy and inspire in them hope—of recovery，of insight，and of moving forward...”可知，能与那些经历过不幸的人相处并鼓励他们去获取希望。故B项正确。
69．D 由语境可知，让不幸来鼓励你超越你前面的人，以死亡来振兴自己，让失利成为你的重生。
70．C 本文主要讲述了如何去面对不幸及解决方法。故C项正确。 *********************************************************结束
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